Where are Fiords Found ?

Fiords are long, narrow steep-sided inlets of the sea. They were made by glaciers which deepened the valleys along which they flowed.After the glaciers disappeared,their U - shaped valleys were flooded by the sea to form fiords.

Fiords are found on mountainous coasts which have been eroded by glaciers. The fiords of Norway are famous and are among the longest in the world.Songe Fiord is 183 kilometers long, and its waverage width is 4.75 kilometers. It is 1245 meters deep. Fiords are also found along the coasts of Iceland, Greenland and new Zealand.

Where are the biggest Ice Berg Found ?

The iceberg with the biggest area are the tabular icebergs that break away from Antarctica . Te largest iceberg every seen was over 31,000 square kilometers (bigger than Belgium).
The tallest iceberg break away from Greenland .THE TALLEST one ever seen 167 meters above the water. Eight - ninth of the iceberg was below the sea.

Which are the world Biggest expanses of ICE ?

Just over 10 percnet of land surface of the world is permanently coverred by ice . Most of the worlds ice (87 %) is in Antractica.The artic has 12.5 % ( mainly covering Greenland) and the rest is found in the glaciers which exist on every continent.
The longest glacier is the Lambert-Fisher Ice Passage in Antractica, which is 515 kilometers long .Petermanns Glacier in Greenland is the largest glacier in the northen hemisphere, 40, kilometres out to sea.

Where is the Pacific 'Ring of Fire' ?

Seen on a map. the Pacific Ocean appears surrounded by a ring of fiery volcanic activity.There are many active volcanoes, and some of the world's highest are in the Andes and the mountains of Central America .Others are found in the mountains of western USA and Alaska , in the Kamchatka peninsula and in Siberia, Japan,Papua New Guinea and New Zealand.

Where is the largest Active Volcano ?

Active Volcano

The highest , active volcanoes on land are in the Andes , in South America. The highest of these is Ojos del Salada, which is 6885 metres high.But even larger volcanoes rise from the floor of the Pacific Ocean and from the islands of Hawai. Mauna Loa , on Hawaii, is probably largest active volcano in the world .It rises 4170 metres above sea level, but its base is 5180 metres below sea level. This base is roughly oval in shape :119 kilometres long and 85 kilometres across .
The lava from Hawaiian volcanoes is very liquid and flows for long distances.Mauna Lao erupts every 3.5 years. The nearby Kilauea Crater, south - east of the main volcano , is filled with red hot lava.

Where are diamonds and gold found ?

Diamond were formed deep underground in conditions of intense heat and pressure.Artificial diamonds can be made n factories .Pure carbon is baked under gret pressure to over 1400C .NAtural diamonds were probably found under similar conditions.Diamonds are mined in South Africa ,Tanzania ,Siberia,Africa ,India,Indonesia, Brazil,Australia and the former Soviet republics..Gold is found in mineral veins in rocks , or in gravels which have been washed away from areas where gold -bearing rocks have been reoded.Prospectors may pan the gravel in streams for grains of gold.Half of the world's gold is mined in South Africa.

Where is the San Andreas Fault ?

San Andreas Fault

The San Andreas fault is in western California , near the Pacific coast the USA. The San Andreas fault and the Fair-weather fault in Alaska from the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The pacific Plate is slowly rotating anti - clockwise .West of the San Andreas fault ,the land is moving north-westwards. As a result, land along the fault is moving at five centimeters every year. Sometimes, however, the movement is more dramatic , leading to earthquakes.

Where is the great Rift Valley ?

Map of Great Rift Valley

This is a series of linked rift valleys which stretch for 6500 kilometers from the north of River Jordon, via the Dead Sea and the Red Sea , through Ethiopia and east Africa to the coast near the mouth of Zambezi River.The Great Rift VAlley is between 30 and 60 kilometers wide and has steep scarps on each side for most of its lenght.Elsewhere there are long, narrow deep lakes such as Turkana,Mobutu,Tanganyaika and Malawi in East Africa the route of the Rift Valley splits into two branches.

What kind of soil is Fertile ?

A fertile soil is humus, bacteria and minerals .It also has enough water and a good texture. The rock beneath the soil is important. Permeable rocks, such as sandstone , make the soil light and dry. Very limey (alkaline ) soils are bad for some plants .Broken- down rock fragments provide the minerals which plants need. Climate and natural vegetation are also important. Plants need organic matter, called humus. This contains nutrients plants need for growth.

Why do Glaciers appear?

A Glacier is like a great river of ice . glaciers appears when more snow falls than melts every year. The snow collects , squeezing the lower layer hard. it turns ice and forms a glacier.

All the time snow is being added at the top , the glacier will move forward under its own weight. Most glaciers today are left over from the Last Ice age. In the past two million years there have been five glaciations areas and from the Artic to cover most of Europe .

Why do lakes Sometimes Disappear ?

Many lakes have vanished . Some have been filled up, the water of others has flowed away,and other lakes in very hot countries have simply dried up.

Lakes can be filled up with material brought down by rivers. Deltas in a lake can eventuallyfill up the whole lake, which becomes an almost flat plain. Some lakes dry up because of evaporation, and some disappear and return, such as lake Eyre in Australia .It is Huge lake, but it disappears in dry weather.

Why do some rivers have Deltas ?

A Delta is shaped like a triangle , which is also the shape of the Greek letter D, called Delta. A river delta is caused by deposits at the mouth of the river. This happens when the river transports more slit to its mouth than can be removed by currents or tides.

The Mediterranean Sea has a very small tidal range , so big rivers like the Nile and the Rhone have very big Deltas. Deltas are less common rivers that flow to oceans and tidal seas.

What kinds of Clouds can we see ?

Clouds are made of millions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air. They are named according to their shape and heights.

Cirrostratus is a thin , almost transparent layer of cloud at a high level. Altostratus is a thicker layer of cloud at a higher level. Nimbostratus forms at a lower level, while stratus clouds are layers within 500 meters of the Earth's surface .'Puffy' clouds, known as cumulus clouds, are called altocumulus at a high level. When they join together they form stratocumulus.
Cumulonimbus are towering thunder clouds. A third type of cloud is cirrus, wisps of clouds high in the sky.

What is the Atmosphere Made Of ?

The Atmosphere is the air which surrounds the planet Earth. The gases in the air allow plants,
animals and humans to live. The dampness ad movement of the air near the Earth causes our
weather. The atmosphere also shields us from the Sun's harmful rays and from fallingmeteorites.

Air is made up of many gases. The most common are nitrogen(78%) and oxygen (21%).

There are small amounts of other gases, including argon, water vapor and carbon dioxide.

Why do clouds Form ?

A cloud is made up of tiny droplets of water or ice. When cloud forms, the invisible vapor in the air condenses in to visible droplets of water.

All air contains water vapors . Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. if the air Cools down, it cannot hold so much water vapor, and it turns into tiny droplets of water. Air cooled down when it rises, because the higher in the atmosphere it goes, the cooler it Gets, When it rains, tiny droplets in a cloud from bigger drops which fall to earth.

Why Do the Tides Rise And Fall ?

The water in the oceans is held close to the earth by gravity. But the Moon and Sun also have some 'pull' on the earth. The Moon's gravity affects water in the oceans. The sea is 'pulled' slightly towards the Moon, causing a bulge, or high tide. On the opposite side, the sea is pushed away, causing a second bulge.

High tided occur twice in about 25 hours. This is because at the same time as the earth is rotating on its axis , the Moon is traveling round the Earth(every 27 days).

Why do earthquakes occur only in some parts of the world?

The map shows where earthquakes have happened . These occur near the edges of the Rearth's Crustal plates.

The plates are slowly moving together or apart. For instance , one zone encircles the Pacific. Here , the floor of the Pasific is being pushed down under the continents, and this gradual movement of Pacific plates agaist the continental plates causes earthquakes. Other zones are in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.

Where do Gysers occur ?

All geysers occur in areas of volcanic activity, but not all volcanic areas have geysers.They only occur where water can soak through cracks in the rocks and collect underground

Here the water is heated under pressure, and as it starts to bubble out there is a sudden gush of steam and hot water high in to the air.

Why do volcanoes erupt?

The lava of volcanoes is molten rock , called magma.Some magma rises straight from the Eart's
mantle to the surface .Some is stored in a magma chamber in the crust, where the gases collect
and help to drive the magma out.

The upper part of the mantle, under the Earth's crust, is nealry molten. Magma contains
several gases, and bubbles of this expand near the surface and drive the magma out as an eruption . Volcanice eruptions vary from place to place, mainly according to how fluid or gasous the lava is .

The crust of the Earth is a relatively thin layer. Scientist believe it is divided into huge sections called "plates". These are moved very slowly by convection currents inside the Earth.

The scientist Alfred Wegener suggested in 1915 that the continents might have moved.
He had noticed that their shapes fit together like a jigsaw. His Theory was called"Continental Drift"